- Published: November 2025
- REF/ISBN: 978 1 78725 506 7
- Edition: 2nd
Overview:
As the world’s electrical power generation systems decarbonise, the need for electrical energy storage to manage grid demand and frequency is increasing. However, increasing installation of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) and stricter legislation will increase the demand to recycle lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and reuse the recycled materials for the manufacturing of new LIBs.
This research report provides high-level information on the following:
- An overview of LIBs, what they are used for, their demand in current industry as well as end of life, what this means and current practices.
- Legislation, regulations and good practice across the United Kingdom and the European Union as well as relevant international legislation.
- Risks associated with battery recycling including current recycling strategies and differences across countries and battery types.
This publication is aimed at those who own or operate a BESS. The information contained in this publication is intended to give the reader a high-level understanding of the legislation, handling, transportation, recycling and hazards/risks of defective, ageing, or end-of-life (EOL) LIBs, enabling the reader to effectively plan for the EOL/decommissioning phase.
This second edition clarifies Table 3 from the first edition, differentiating the use of local exhaust ventilation to dilute toxic and combustible gases, and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) for climate control.